The signs of heatstroke you can’t afford to ignore this summer

We may joke that we’re not used to the sun here in Scotland, but with heatwaves becoming ever more commonplace, it’s time we started taking our health in the heat more seriously.

Would you know what to do if someone started showing signs of heatstroke, for example? And do you know how it differs from heat exhaustion? If not, it’s important that you read on…

What’s the science telling us?

According to Adaptation Scotland, Scottish summers are getting hotter. The average summer temperatures have risen just over 1°C compared to the 1961-1990 baseline. This may not sound like a lot, but heatwaves are now occurring more frequently, lasting longer and reaching higher temperatures that ever before. In fact, the record for the hottest day in Scotland was set in July 2022 when 34.8°C was reached in the Scottish Borders.

In terms of how this heat is affecting our health, a report published by Public Health Scotland showed the risk of death for the Scottish population starts to increase at 20.7°C. What’s more, the population is at a 10% higher risk of death at 25.8°C than below the risk increase threshold of 20.7°C.

Another report showed that periods of extreme heat increased mortality risk across the Scottish population by about 4%, and heatwaves are resulting in an estimated 60 to 100 excess deaths in Scotland per year.

How to handle the heat

Whilst a sunny spell is the perfect time to enjoy the great outdoors and top up the vitamin D levels, extra care should be taken during extreme heatwaves:

• If possible, avoid spending time in direct sunlight between the hours of 11am and 3pm, when the sun is at its strongest.
• When outside, opt for loose and light-coloured clothing.
• Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids.

Look out for the warning signs this summer

In addition to the above, it’s important to familiarise yourself with the signs of heat exhaustion and heat stroke.

Heat exhaustion symptoms include:

• Thirstiness
• Headache
• Loss of appetite
• Nausea
• Dizziness and confusion
• Excessive sweating
• Cramps
• A high temperature of 38°C or above

Heat stroke can result from prolonged exposure to high temperatures, causing the body to overheat, and it is extremely serious. Symptoms include:

• Nausea and vomiting
• Headache
• Confusion
• Lack of sweating despite the heat
• Rapid heartbeat
• Shallow breathing
• Seizures
• Loss of consciousness

What to do if someone becomes unwell in the heat

If someone starts to show signs of heat exhaustion, it is important to cool them down to prevent the issue from escalating. Do this by moving them to a shady area, or indoors. They should drink plenty of water and lie down with their feet slightly elevated. Spritz them with cold water or hold an ice pack on their skin, and check that their temperature is dropping.

If left untreated, heat exhaustion has the potential to develop into heatstroke which is a life-threatening medical emergency. Heatstroke results from the body’s temperature-regulating system failing, causing the core temperature to skyrocket to dangerously high levels.

If you suspect someone is suffering from heat stroke, phone 999 immediately. If left untreated, it can lead to serious complications such as damage to the brain, heart, kidneys and muscles, and can even lead to death.

Speak to the health experts

If you would like more tailored advice on how to protect the health of your loved ones this summer, and indeed all year round, book an appointment with one of our medical professionals. You can do so via our simple online booking system, by emailing reception@your.gp, or by calling us on 0131 556 2525 and we’ll be happy to arrange an appointment at a time that suits you.